March 2009

March 5th in WP Stuff by Wordpress Jedi .

The WordPress backend is very flexible, and can easily be customized to accommodate a lot of different purposes. In this article by Vladimir Prelovac, we shall learn how to customize the Manage Panel. We will also explore the possibility of turning WordPress into a Content Management System (CMS), using methods provided to us by WordPress (for more info, read WordPress Plugin Development from Packt Publishing).

In this article, you will learn how to:

• Customize the Manage Page output
• Use the error message class to handle display of errors
• Use built-in WordPress capabilities to handle user permissions

By the end of this article you will learn how WordPress can transform into a CMS.

Programming the Manage panel

The Manage Posts screen can be changed to show extra columns, or remove unwanted columns in the listing.

Let’s say that we want to show the post type—Normal, Photo, or Link. Remember the custom field post-type that we added to our posts? We can use it now to differentiate post types.

Time for action – Add post type column in the Manage panel

We want to add a new column to the Manage panel, and we will call it Type. The value of the column will represent the post type—Normal, Photo, or Link.

1. Expand the admin_menu() function to load the function to handle Manage Page hooks:

   add_submenu_page('post-new.php', __('Add URL',
   $this->plugin_domain) , __('URL', $this->plugin_domain) , 1 ,
   'add-url', array(&$this, 'display_form') );
   // handle Manage page hooks
   add_action('load-edit.php', array(&$this, 'handle_load_edit') );
   }

2. Add the hooks to the columns on the Manage screen:

   // Manage page hooks
   function handle_load_edit()
   {
    // handle Manage screen functions
    add_filter('manage_posts_columns', array(&$this,
    'handle_posts_columns'));
    add_action('manage_posts_custom_column', array(&$this,
    'handle_posts_custom_column'), 10, 2);
   }

3. Then implement the function to add a new Column, remove the author and replace the date with our date format:

   // Handle Column header
   function handle_posts_columns($columns)
   {
    // add 'type' column
    $columns['type'] = __('Type',$this->plugin_domain);
    return $columns;
   }

4. For date key replacement, we need an extra function:

   function array_change_key_name( $orig, $new, &$array )
   {
    foreach ( $array as $k => $v )
    $return[ ( $k === $orig ) ? $new : $k ] = $v;
    return ( array ) $return;
   }

5. And finally, insert a function to handle the display of information in that column:

   // Handle Type column display
   function handle_posts_custom_column($column_name, $id)
   {
    // 'type' column handling based on post type
    if( $column_name == 'type' )
    {
    $type=get_post_meta($id, 'post-type', true);
    echo $type ? $type : __('Normal',$this->plugin_domain);
    }
   }

6. Don’t forget to add the Manage page to the list of localized pages:

   // pages where our plugin needs translation
   $local_pages=array('plugins.php', 'post-new.php', 'edit.php');
   if (in_array($pagenow, $local_pages))

As a result, we now have a new column that displays the post type using information from a post custom field.

What just happened?

We have used the load-edit.php action to specify that we want our hooks to be assigned only on the Manage Posts page (edit.php). This is similar to the optimization we did when we loaded the localization files.

The handle_posts_columns is a filter that accepts the columns as a parameter and allows you to insert a new column:

function handle_posts_columns($columns)
{
 $columns['type'] = __('Type',$this->plugin_domain);
 return $columns;
}

You are also able to remove a column. This example would remove the Author column:

unset($columns['author']);

To handle information display in that column, we use the handle_posts_custom_column action.

The action is called for each entry (post), whenever an unknown column is encountered. WordPress passes the name of the column and current post ID as parameters.

That allows us to extract the post type from a custom field:

function handle_posts_custom_column($column_name, $id)
{
 if( $column_name == 'type' )
 {
 $type=get_post_meta($id, 'post-type', true);

It also allows us to print it out:

 echo $type ? $type : __('Normal',$this->plugin_domain);
 }
}

Modifying an existing column

We can also modify an existing column. Let’s say we want to change the way Date is displayed.

Here are the changes we would make to the code:

// Handle Column header
function handle_posts_columns($columns)
{
 // add 'type' column
 $columns['type'] = __('Type',$this->plugin_domain);
 // remove 'author' column
 //unset($columns['author']);
 // change 'date' column
 $columns = $this->array_change_key_name( 'date', 'date_new',
 $columns );
 return $columns;
}
// Handle Type column display
function handle_posts_custom_column($column_name, $id)
{
 // 'type' column handling based on post type
 if( $column_name == 'type' )
 {
 $type=get_post_meta($id, 'post-type', true);
 echo $type ? $type : __('Normal',$this->plugin_domain);
 }
 // new date column handling
 if( $column_name == 'date_new' )
 {
 the_time('Y-m-d <br > g:i:s a');
 }
 }
function array_change_key_name( $orig, $new, &$array )
{
 foreach ( $array as $k => $v )
 $return[ ( $k === $orig ) ? $new : $k ] = $v;
 return ( array ) $return;
}

The example replaces the date column with our own date_new column and uses it to display the date with our preferred formatting.

Manage screen search filter

WordPress allows us to show all the posts by date and category, but what if we want to show all the posts depending on post type?

No problem! We can add a new filter select box straight to the Manage panel.

Time for action – Add a search filter box

1. Let’s start by adding two more hooks to the handle_load_edit() function. The restrict_manage_posts function draws the search box and the posts_where alters the database query to select only the posts of the type we want to show.

   // Manage page hooks
   function handle_load_edit()
   {
    // handle Manage screen functions
    add_filter('manage_posts_columns',
    array(&$this, 'handle_posts_columns'));
    add_action('manage_posts_custom_column',
    array(&$this, 'handle_posts_custom_column'), 10, 2);
    // handle search box filter
    add_filter('posts_where',
    array(&$this, 'handle_posts_where'));
    add_action('restrict_manage_posts',
    array(&$this, 'handle_restrict_manage_posts'));
   }

2. Let’s write the corresponding function to draw the select box:

   // Handle select box for Manage page
   function handle_restrict_manage_posts()
   {
    ?>
    <select name="post_type" id="post_type" class="postform">
    <option value="0">View all types</option>
    <option value="normal" <?php if( $_GET['post_type']=='normal')
    echo 'selected="selected"' ?>><?php _e
    ('Normal',$this->plugin_domain); ?></option>
    <option value="photo" <?php if( $_GET['post_type']=='photo')
    echo 'selected="selected"' ?>><?php _e
    ('Photo',$this->plugin_domain); ?></option>
    <option value="link" <?php if( $_GET['post_type']=='link')
    echo 'selected="selected"' ?>><?php _e
    ('Link',$this->plugin_domain); ?></option>
    </select>
    <?php
   }

3. And finally, we need a function that will change the query to retrieve only the posts of the selected type:

   // Handle query for Manage page
   function handle_posts_where($where)
   {
    global $wpdb;
    if( $_GET['post_type'] == 'photo' )
    {
    $where .= " AND ID IN (SELECT post_id FROM {$wpdb->postmeta}
    WHERE meta_key='post-type' AND meta_value='".__
    ('Photo',$this->plugin_domain)."' )";
    }
    else if( $_GET['post_type'] == 'link' )
    {
    $where .= " AND ID IN (SELECT post_id FROM {$wpdb->postmeta}
    WHERE meta_key='post-type' AND meta_value='".__
    ('Link',$this->plugin_domain)."' )";
    }
    else if( $_GET['post_type'] == 'normal' )
    {
    $where .= " AND ID NOT IN (SELECT post_id FROM
    {$wpdb->postmeta} WHERE meta_key='post-type' )";
    }
    return $where;
   }_

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